Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle 1

Cell Cycle 2

Cell Cycle 3 
Cell Cycle 4

Cell Cycle 5

Cell Cycle 6

Cell Cycle 7

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What is Pepsin?

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In Your Body... Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that performed the best in the acidic condition (pH 2) produced by the gastric juice. It digests and breaks down protein (e.g. meat, seeds, eggs, dairy products, etc.). Keep in mind that pepsin digests proteins (not carbohydrates, not fat) into peptides. These peptides are then either absorbed in the intestine or further break down by enzymes from pancreas. In small intestine (pH around 7), pepsin is no longer effective and no longer digests proteins. Hormones Hormones that regulate digestion and hunger such as gastrin and secretin stimulates the production of pepsinogen, the proenzyme of pepsin. In other words, when pepsinogen is activated, it becomes pepsin.
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The structure of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) III - Transmembrane Domains

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Transmembrane Domains Among the four components of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), the transmembrane domain is the least studied one. How different transmembrane domains affect and contribute to each other's functions is also not well studied. That being said, we will go through the function of a transmembrane domain of a CAR, the CD3ζ transmembrane domain, and the CD8α transmembrane domain.  Introduction of the transmembrane domain The transmembrane domain is where the transmembrane proteins are located. In a CAR, the transmembrane domain has the function to anchor the CAR to the T cell membrane. How strong the CAR is anchored to the T cell membrane affects the CAR expression level and stability.  Currently, the commonly used transmembrane domain is derived from proteins such as CD3ζ, CD4, CD8α, and CD28. The CD3ζ transmembrane domain Among the transmembrane domains mentioned, the CD3ζ transmembrane may improve CAR-mediated T cell action as the CD3ζ transmembrane medi...
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The structure of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) I - Extracellular Target Antigen Binding Domains

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